What is the function of the chuck of Swiss lathe and CNC lathe?

Hello everyone, this is HANBS. a company keen on sharing some hot knowledge and tips about Swiss type cnc lathe and cnc lathe. Today I would like to share with you a part that is used in swiss lathe or cnc lathe - the collet.

The collet of CNC lathe (swiss lathe) is mainly used to fix the workpiece and maintain the stability of the workpiece in the production process, so as to ensure high-precision machining. There are different types of collets depending on the type of machine and the design of the application, and each has its own advantages.

I. Main classifications of collets:

Guide Bushing:

Features:

The guide bushing supports the workpiece and moves with the spindle.

Suitable for machining long, thin, small-diameter workpieces.

Advantages:

High accuracy and stability: Reduced vibration and bending of the workpiece, suitable for long shaft parts.

High rotational speeds: well supported, allowing higher speeds and feed rates.

Reduced scrap: Workpiece is close to the tool, saving material.

Collet Chucks:

Features:

Commonly used for direct clamping of workpieces without a guide system.

Usually flexible collets such as ER, 5C, 16C etc.

Advantages:

Easy to change: rapid change of workpiece or collet, adapted to small batch production of many varieties.

High accuracy: Centering and repeatability are good, suitable for precision machining.

High clamping force: Ensure that the workpiece does not slide during machining.

Three-jaw or six-jaw chucks (3-Jaw / 6-Jaw Chucks):

Features:

Mostly used for irregularly shaped or large diameter workpieces.

Clamping by hydraulic or pneumatic drive.

Advantages:

High clamping force: For heavy cutting, large diameter workpieces.

Wide adaptability: clamping of irregularly shaped or shaped workpieces.

Quick set-up: no frequent fixture changes, suitable for large workpieces.

Hydraulic / Pneumatic Chucks:

Features:

High degree of automation by controlling the clamping force hydraulically or pneumatically.

Often used for efficient mass production.

Advantages:

Adjustable clamping force: Flexible adjustment according to workpiece material and machining requirements.

Fast loading and unloading: Increased productivity and reduced downtime.

Consistency: Constant clamping force ensures consistent machining.

Custom or Special Collets:

Features:

Customized for specific parts, e.g., shaped workpieces, thin-walled pipe fittings, etc.

Benefits:

Higher accuracy: Designed for specific workpieces to ensure optimal positioning and clamping.

Increased efficiency: Reduces the need for secondary clamping and increases machining speeds.

Reduce deformation: For thin-walled parts, uniform force to avoid deformation.

2.Application scenarios of different types of collets:

Guide sleeve type collet: Suitable for long and thin shafts, small diameters and parts that require high precision, such as medical equipment, automotive parts.

Collet Chucks: Widely used for small, batch, precision parts, such as electronic connectors, watch parts.

Three-jaw or six-jaw chucks: For shaped workpieces, large diameters or irregular parts.

Hydraulic or pneumatic chucks: High-speed, efficient mass production scenarios, such as automotive parts.

Specialized collets: special workpieces, high-volume custom production, such as aerospace parts.

3.Factors to consider when selecting a collet:

The shape and size of the workpiece: the decision to use guide bushings, flexible collets or chucks.

Processing accuracy requirements: high-precision choice of guide bushings or high-precision elastic collets.

Production volume and efficiency: large quantities of hydraulic or pneumatic chuck to improve efficiency.

Processing technology: heavy cutting need to choose the chuck with large clamping force; precision machining, choose guide bushings or high-precision collets.

In short, the collet for swiss lathe or cnc lathe in the production of the maintenance of accuracy and stability of the function is essential, in the production of the collet will make the accuracy and stability of a qualitative improvement!